Growing Plants on Mars: Strategies and Solutions for
Future Research

The cultivation of plants on Mars is essential for future human colonization, providing oxygen production,
carbon dioxide recycling, and psychological well-being for inhabitants. However, Mars presents
significant challenges to plant growth, including a thin, carbon dioxide-dominant atmosphere, toxic soil
laden with perchlorates, extreme temperatures averaging -60◦C, limited water availability, and reduced
gravity. This paper explores potential solutions to overcome these obstacles through advanced technologies
and innovative methodologies. Proposed solutions include greenhouse systems to regulate temperature,
humidity, and carbon dioxide levels, genetic modification of crops for enhanced tolerance to Martian
conditions, and hydroponic and aeroponic systems to eliminate reliance on soil. Experimental approaches
involve simulated environments that replicate Martian conditions to evaluate plant resilience, nutrient
recycling systems, and AI-driven robotics for autonomous crop cultivation. Additionally, genetic modifications
and technological innovations aim to optimize plant growth and adaptability. Continued research
and collaboration among scientific, industrial, and academic sectors are essential to develop sustainable
agricultural systems for Mars colonization and Earth applications.

Keywords: Mars colonization, carbon dioxide-dominant atmosphere, perchlorates.